High speed egg breaking method

ABSTRACT

A multiplicity of shell eggs to be broken are first transported in transverse rows on an infeed conveyor, from which they are loaded onto a transfer conveyor. This transfer conveyor extends at a right angle to the infeed conveyor, so that the successive transverse rows of shell eggs on the infeed conveyor are rearranged into a longitudinal row on the transfer conveyor. The shell eggs are subsequently transferred from transfer conveyor onto respective egg breaker assemblies mounted at longitudinal spacings on an endless breaker conveyor, while the breaker assemblies are traveling side by side with the transfer conveyor. The breaker assemblies break the shell eggs, and the white and yolk recovered therefrom are separated by recovery cup assemblies also carried by the breaker conveyor under the respective breaker assemblies. As an incidental feature an air nozzle assembly is mounted on the breaker conveyor in the vicinity of each breaker assembly. Supplied with pressurized air from an air supply mechanism on one of the rotary wheels around which the breaker conveyor extends, each air nozzle assembly applies forced streams of air into a broken eggshell on one of the breaker assemblies for the recovery of the residual liquid therefrom.

This is a division of application Ser. No. 493,576, filed May 11, 1983,now U.S. Pat. No. 4,534,284.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to egg processing in general and, in particular,to a method of, and apparatus for, breaking shell eggs at a high rate onan industrial scale.

Industrially, most eggs to be converted to egg products are broken byhigh speed mechanical breakers. These machines separate the yolk andalbumen, the latter being more commonly known as the white. Asheretofore constructed, the egg breakers have had several drawbackslimiting their production rates.

One of the drawbacks arises in connection with the feeding of shell eggsinto the breaker. A typical conventional feeding scheme has been suchthat shell eggs to be broken are first washed on an infeed conveyor,from which they are loaded directly on respective egg breaker assembliesmounted at longitudinal spacings on a looped conveyor of the breaker. Adifficulty has been encountered in thus loading the eggs on the breakerassemblies in the correct attitude. Unless loaded correctly, the eggscannot be cut and severed in the middle portion of each egg by thebreaker assemblies, making difficult the thorough recovery of the whiteand yolk therefrom. The higher the rate is made at which eggs are loadedon the breaker assemblies from the infeed conveyor, the more improperlyare they positioned on the breaker assemblies. Thus the conventionalfeeding practice has been a bottleneck in the high speed processing ofeggs.

Another problem is the incomplete recovery of egg contents. Generally,in egg breakers of the type under consideration, shell eggs are heldrecumbently by the respective breaker assemblies. Each breaker assemblyhas a pair of knives movable toward and away from each other. Heldagainst each other, the pair of breaker knives cut into a shell egg atits midpoint from below and then move apart to separate the shell intotwo pieces, thereby causing the white and yolk to drop into a recoverycup assembly. All the shell eggs are not necessarily broken in theintended manner, however, as some of them may be held by the breakerassemblies in other than the correct recumbent attitude. Part of thewhite or even the yolk may remain in the broken shells. Such residueshave heretofore been discarded with the shells.

An obvious solution to this problem is to apply forced streams of airinto the broken eggshells while they are still being carried by thebreaker assemblies. The residual liquid will be blown out of the shellsfor recovery in the underlying recovery cup assemblies. This solution isnot so easy to practice as it may seem, however, for the followingreasons.

The egg breaker assemblies are mounted as aforesaid on the loopedbreaker conveyor. While traveling at constant speed along the loopedpath, the breaker assemblies receive shell eggs from the infeedconveyor, break them, and have their shells unloaded. The recovery ofthe residual liquid from the broken shells must be performed on thetraveling breaker assemblies at some stage between the breaking of theshell eggs and the unloading of the broken shells. It is uneconomical,or rather totally impractical, to mount sources of pressurized air onthe breaker conveyor for the respective breaker assemblies. Perhaps theonly practical scheme is to provide air nozzles on the breaker conveyorfor the respective breaker assemblies and to supply pressurized air tothe nozzles while the breaker assemblies are traveling through apredetermined region along the breaker conveyor path. A difficultyarises, however, in such controlled supply of pressurized air to thetraveling nozzles from a fixed source. A rotary valve would do if thenozzles revolved about a single axis. The breaker conveyor turns aroundseveral sprockets or like wheels and so inhibits the use of a simplerotary valve. No satisfactory alternative has so far been suggested, sothat the pneumatic recovery of the residues from broken eggshells hasjust been a paper plan.

The known high speed egg breakers have also had difficulties with regardto the recovery cup assemblies designed to separate the white and yolk.Each recovery cup assembly comprises a yolk cup just under one of theegg breaker assemblies on the breaker conveyor, and an albumen cupunderlying the yolk cup. The yolk cup receives both white and yolk fromthe broken egg and allows the white to flow out of a recess cut in itsside wall.

In the yolk cup of prior art design, the recess has not been welladapted for the complete outflow of the white, often allowing part ofthe white, particularly the dense albumen, to remain in the yolk cupalong with the yolk. It is also a disadvantage that the recess has beenso positioned on the yolk cup that the recovered yolk is dischargedtherefrom through the recess. The yolk on flowing through the recess hasbeen easy to have its enclosing membrane broken and thus to smear thecup, necessitating its cleaning. Of course the yolk cup remainsunsmeared if the yolk is discharged intact.

Furthermore, the conveyor for transferring the eggs in the conventionalapparatus has a plurality of pairs of convex rolls parallel to eachother on which each egg is supported and transferred to the successiveprocess.

However, in such a pair of convex rolls, if the eggs are extremelylarge, they cannot be supported stably on the rolls and sometimes theyfall down from the rolls because the size of the rolls is fixed orunchangeable.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Generally, the invention has been made with a view to drasticallyincreasing the production rates of egg breakers of the type defined.More specifically, for the attainment of this general objective, theinvention seeks to make possible the feeding of shell eggs into themachine at a far higher rate than hitherto. Further, the invention aimsat the complete recovery of the liquid contents of eggs, particularly byrealizing the pneumatic, forced removal of the residual liquid fromwithin the broken eggshells. The invention also seeks to efficiently andthoroughly separate the recovered white and yolk without rupturing theenveloping membrane of the latter.

According to one aspect of the invention there is provided a high speedegg breaking method such that a multiplicity of shell eggs to be brokenare transported in transverse rows on an infeed conveyor. Eachtransverse row of shell eggs are transferred at one time from the infeedconveyor onto a transfer conveyor laid at a right angle therewith. Thusthe successive transverse rows of shell eggs on the infeed conveyor arerearranged into a longitudinal row on the transfer conveyor. This singlerow of shell eggs on the transfer conveyor are again transferredtherefrom onto respective egg breaker assemblies being carried by abreaker conveyor while the latter is running side by side with thetransfer conveyor. Then the shell eggs are broken by the breakerassemblies for the recovery of the white and yolk therefrom, and thebroken shells are subsequently removed from the breaker assemblies.

The invention also provides, according to another aspect thereof,apparatus comprising the above recited infeed conveyor, transferconveyor, and breaker conveyor with the egg breaker assemblies thereon.Also, included are recovery cup assemblies carried by the breakerconveyor just under the respective egg breaker assemblies for receivingthe white and yolk from the broken eggs.

Preferably the transfer conveyor has pairs of concave rolls mountedthereon at longitudinal spacings equal to the spacings between the eggbreaker assemblies on the breaker conveyor. Receiving shell eggs fromthe infeed conveyor, the pairs of concave rolls are adapted to rearrangethem into the correct recumbent attitude preparatory to unloading themonto the egg breaker assemblies. This transfer of the shell eggs fromconcave roll pairs to breaker assemblies is carried out while thetransfer conveyor and the breaker conveyor are traveling in the samedirection at the same speed. Consequently the shell eggs can be placedon the breaker assemblies with their recumbent attitude unchanged. Thecorrect mounting of the eggs on the breaker assemblies is a requirementfor the proper breaking thereof by the breaker assemblies. Thus themethod and apparatus of this invention are well adapted for the highspeed processing of eggs.

The method and apparatus of the invention may comprise an additionalstep of, or means for, pneumatically recovering the residual liquid fromwithin the broken eggshells being carried by the breaker assemblies onthe breaker conveyor. The pneumatic residue recovery means comprise airnozzle assemblies operatively mounted on the breaker conveyor in thevicinities of the respective egg breaker assemblies thereon, and an airsupply mechanism for the delivery of pressurized air to the air nozzleassemblies. The air supply mechanism is built into one of the rotarywheels around which the breaker conveyor extends. While traveling aroundthis rotary wheel, the successive air nozzle assemblies are suppliedwith pressurized air from the air supply mechanism and expel the air outinto the broken eggshells carried by the corresponding breakerassemblies thereby causing the residual liquid to drop into theunderlying recovery cup assemblies. Thus the invention realizes thepneumatic residue recovery scheme with use of compact, economical means.

Each air nozzle assembly includes an air nozzle movable between aretracted and a working position. Possibly the egg breaker assembliesmay fail to break the shell eggs thereon. In that case the air nozzlewould thrust into the unbroken shell egg on its movement to the workingposition. This possibility is avoided in accordance with the inventionby providing a spring through which the air nozzle is moved from theretracted position to the working position. The spring yields when theair nozzle moves into abutment against the unbroken shell egg.

The invention also features the improved construction of a yolk cupforming a part of each recovery cup assembly. Receiving both white andyolk from a broken egg on the overlying one of the egg breakerassemblies, the yolk cup causes only the white to flow out of the sameand the yolk to remain therein. For the outflow of the white, the yolkcup has formed therein a recess extending downwardly from its top edgeand terminating short of its bottom, and a slot extending at least inone circumferential direction from the lower end of the recess. Therecess and slot are designed to assure ready outflow of the bodies offluid and dense albumen contained in each egg.

The above and other features and advantages of this invention and themanner of attaining them will become more apparent, and the inventionitself will best be understood, from a study of the followingdescription and appended claims taken together with the attacheddrawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic plan of the high speed egg breaker constructed inaccordance with this invention;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged side elevation, with parts omitted and parts shownbroken away for illustrative convenience, of the transfer conveyor inthe egg breaker of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a still more enlarged cross section through the transferconveyor of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a fragmentary section through the transfer conveyor, takenalong the line IV--IV of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a fragmentary cross section through the transfer conveyor,somewhat similar to FIG. 3 but drawn on a further more enlarged scale,explanatory of its operation;

FIG. 6 is also a fragmentary cross section through the transferconveyor, shown together with the infeed conveyor and a loader in orderto illustrate the way in which shell eggs are transferred from infeedconveyor to transfer conveyor with the aid of the loader;

FIG. 7 is an enlarged perspective view of one of the egg breakerassemblies in the egg breaker of FIG. 1;

FIG. 8 is a top plan of a modified pair of concave rolls for use on thetransfer conveyor in the egg breaker of FIG. 1;

FIG. 9 is a fragmentary side elevation, partly sectioned for clarity, ofthe transfer conveyor incorporating the modified pairs of concave rollsof FIG. 8;

FIG. 10 is a fragmentary cross section through the transfer conveyor ofFIG. 9, the view being explanatory of its operation;

FIG. 11 is an enlarged elevation, partly sectioned for clarity, of oneof the air nozzle assemblies and one of the recovery cup assemblies asmounted on the breaker conveyor in the egg breaker of FIG. 1;

FIG. 12 is an enlarged vertical section through the air supply mechanismin the egg breaker of FIG. 1, shown together with the air nozzleassembly of FIG. 11;

FIG. 13 is an elevation of the air supply mechanism of FIG. 12;

FIG. 14 is an enlarged vertical section through the air supply mechanismof FIGS. 12 and 13;

FIG. 15 is a view explanatory of the way in which the residual liquid ispneumatically recovered from within each broken eggshell by the airnozzle assembly of FIG. 11 in coaction with the air supply mechanism ofFIGS. 12 to 14;

FIG. 16 is a view similar to FIG. 11 but showing a modified air nozzleassembly together with an associated recovery cup assembly;

FIG. 17 is a fragmentary vertical section through a modified air supplymechanism for use with the air nozzle assembly of FIG. 16;

FIG. 18 is a perspective view of a yolk cup for use in the egg breakerof FIG. 1;

FIG. 19 is an elevation of the yolk cup of FIG. 18;

FIG. 20A is an elevation of a slight modification of the yolk cup ofFIGS. 18 and 19;

FIG. 20B is an elevation of another modification of the yolk cup;

FIG. 20C is an elevation of still another modification of the yolk cup;

FIG. 21 is an elevation of the yolk cup of FIGS. 18 and 19 showntogether with its supporting means; and

FIG. 22 is an enlarged, fragmentary vertical section through the yolkcup of FIGS. 18, 19 and 21.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The general organization of the exemplified high speed egg breaker inaccordance with the invention will become apparent from a considerationof FIG. 1. Generally designated 1, the egg breaker comprises a conveyor10 extending horizontally around a plurality of, four in thisembodiment, rotary wheels 6, 7, 8 and 9 on respective upstanding shafts2, 3, 4 and 5. The conveyor 10 is composed of a pair of verticallyspaced endless chains, as will be later explained in further detail, andwill hereinafter be referred to as the breaker conveyor incontradistinction to other conveyors to be described subsequently. Thebreaker conveyor 10 carries a plurality, or multiplicity, of egg breakerassemblies 11 on its outer side at prescribed longitudinal spacings.

Of the four rotary wheels supporting the breaker conveyor 10, the wheel6 is a sprocket wheel making positive engagement with the conveyorchains. The other wheels 7, 8 and 9 are all idlers serving to guide theconveyor chains.

It will be observed that the breaker conveyor 10 turns right angularlyaround the sprocket wheel 6 and the idler wheel 7 which are consideredto lie on the front side of the egg breaker 1. While the idler wheel 9is spaced from the idler wheel 7 to the same extent as the spacingbetween the sprocket 6 and idler 7 wheels, the idler wheel 8 isdistanced from the sprocket wheel 6 significantly more than the spacingbetween the wheels 6 and 7 and between the wheels 7 and 9. Consequentlythe breaker conveyor 10 turns acutely around the idler wheel 8 andobtusely around the idler wheel 9.

The trapezoid path of the breaker conveyor 10 around the four wheels 6to 9 arranged as above is divided into several regions for theperformance of different egg-processing functions. They are:

1. A loading region A, extending linearly from the idler wheel 7 to thesprocket wheel 6, where shell eggs E are loaded on the individualbreaker assemblies 11 from an infeed conveyor 13 via a transfer conveyor12.

2. A recovery region B, extending linearly from the sprocket wheel 6 tothe idler wheel 8 and thus immediately following the loading region A,where the shell eggs E are broken and their yolk and white arerecovered.

3. A residue removal region C, extending arcuately around the idlerwheel 8, where the residual liquid in the broken eggs are pneumaticallyremoved therefrom and recovered.

4. An inspection region D, extending linearly from the idler wheel 8 tothe idler wheel 9, where the recovered egg contents are visuallyexamined by a human inspector sitting on a chair 200.

5. A discharge region F, extending arcuately around the idler wheel 7,where the broken egg shells as well as unbroken shell eggs, if any, areunloaded from the breaker assemblies 11 and discharged.

Disposed alongside the loading region A, the transfer conveyor 12performs the important function of efficiently loading shell eggs E onthe breaker assemblies 11 on the breaker conveyor 10. The transferconveyor 12 receives the eggs to be loaded from the infeed conveyor 13.Arranged at right angles with respect to the transfer conveyor 12, theinfeed conveyor 13 terminates at the upstream end of the transferconveyor. The infeed conveyor 13 comprises a multiplicity of transverserows of concave rolls 13a for holding shell eggs thereon. Although FIG.1 shows only one transverse row of concave rolls 13a for simplicity, itwill be understood that the infeed conveyor 13 can support six shelleggs in each transverse row in this particular embodiment.

As illustrated in greater detail and on an enlarged scale in FIG. 2, thetransfer conveyor 12 has an endless chain 16 extending around twosprocket wheels 14 and 15 rotatable about horizontal axes. Mounted onthe endless chain 16 via respective clevises 17 are a multiplicity ofconcave rolls 18 having longitudinal spacings equal to the spacingsbetween each transverse row of shell eggs on the infeed conveyor 13.

As shown on a still more enlarged scale in FIGS. 3 and 4, each concaveroll 18 of the transfer conveyor 12 is rotatable about a pin 19extending parallel to the upper and lower moving parts of the endlesschain 16 and having its opposite ends supported by the clevis 17. Adrive roll 18a seen in FIG. 3 makes frictional contact with each concaveroll 18 for imparting rotation thereto in the clockwise direction asviewed in this figure. The drive means associated with the drive rolls18a are not shown because of their conventional nature.

A U-shaped support 20 has its pair of parallel limbs 20a pivotallymounted on the pin 19 of each concave roll 18. Rotatably supportedbetween these limbs of the U-shaped support, via a pin 22, is anotherconcave roll 21 which is similar in shape and size to the first recitedconcave roll 18. These two concave rolls 18 and 21, rotatable aboutparallel axes, make up a pair for conjointly holding a single shell eggE thereon in a recumbent attitude. The drive rolls 18a are providedadjacent to a position where the eggs on the infeed conveyor 13 aretransported to the transfer conveyor 12 so that each egg on the rolls 18and 21 is moved to a stable position between the pair of rolls 18 and 21due to rotation of the rolls 18. Both concave rolls should preferably bemolded from plastics or other similarly pliant materials, and should behollow, for the application of minimum shocks to the shell eggs as theyare loaded thereon, transported thereby, and unloaded therefrom.

One of the sprocket wheels 14 and 15 of the transfer conveyor 12 iscoupled to a drive mechanism, not shown, for driving the endless chain16. It is essehtial that the upper moving part of the transfer conveyorchain 16 runs in the same direction, and at the same speed, as thebreaker conveyor 10 as it traverses the loading region A of FIG. 1. Thereason for this will become apparent as the description progresses.

Projecting from the free end of the pivoted support 20 carrying theconcave roll 21 is a cam follower pin 23 resting by gravity on a camrail 25 secured to and extending along a guide 24 of the transferconveyor chain 16. The cam rail 25 is contoured to cause the pivotalmotion of the support 20 about the pin 19 and, in consequence, theup-and-down motion of the concave roll 21 in relation to the associatedconcave roll 18. The cam follower pin 23 slides on a guide rail 25afixed to a frame 201 when it moves along the lower moving part of thetransfer conveyor chain 16. FIG. 5 better illustrates such pivotalmotion of the support 20. In a position opposite to the unloading end ofthe infeed conveyor 13, FIG. 1, the cam rail 25 lowers the support 20 toa position G to allow smooth loading of a shell egg E on each pair ofconcave rolls 18 and 21. As the concave roll pair subsequently travelsthrough the loading region A and reaches midway between its oppositeextremities, the cam rail 25 starts lifting the support 20 past itshorizontal position until finally the support assumes the position H ofFIG. 5 for the unloading of the egg from over the concave roll pair ontoone of the egg breaker assemblies 11 on the breaker conveyor 10. It willbe noted from FIG. 5 that the cam rail 25 is held sidewise against eachcam follower pin 23 in the vicinity of its most elevated position.

With reference to FIG. 6, a loader 26 is disposed over the loading endof the transfer conveyor 12 for the controlled loading of the successivegroups of shell eggs E from the infeed conveyor 13 to the transferconveyor 12. The loader 26 comprises a plurality of, four in thisembodiment, support arms 28 mounted radially on a horizontal shaft 27,and loading arms 29 extending right-angularly from the outer ends of thesupport arms 28. Extending horizontally across the unloading end of theinfeed conveyor 13, each loading arm 29 is revolved into abutmentagainst one transverse row of shell eggs E being unloaded from theinfeed conveyor 13. Then the loading arm guides the group of shell eggsalong a chute 30 onto the respective pairs of concave rolls 18 and 21 ofthe transfer conveyor 12. The infeed conveyor 13 is moved intermittentlyby a star wheel 202 engaging with each roll 13a.

The aforesaid egg breaker assemblies 11 are mounted on the breakerconveyor 10 at spacings equal to the spacings between the pairs ofconcave rolls 18 and 21 on the transfer conveyor 12.

FIG. 7 is a detailed representation of each egg breaker assembly 11. Itincludes an egg holder 32 adapted to provide a splittable egg rest 31 onwhich a shell egg is to be placed recumbently. The egg holder 32 has apair of approximately parallel arms 32a. At their ends away from the eggrest 31, these parallel arms 32a are respectively secured to the lowerends of a pair of crossing levers 35 via two plates 32b. The levers 35are pivotally mounted on an upstanding mounting bracket 33 via a pin 34passing through their crossing point. Thus the pair of arms 32a aremovable toward and away from each other. Sleeved upon the pin 34, atorsion spring 36 normally holds the arms 32a against each other.

At their upper ends the pair of crossing levers 35 are pin jointed at 39and 40 to respective links 37 and 38. The link 38 is pin jointed at 41to the other link 37 in its intermediate position. The link 37 carries acam follower roll 42 on its end away from the pin 39. The cam followerroll 42 is in engagement with cam means, not shown, thereby to be movedup and down with the travel of the egg breaker assembly 11 on thebreaker conveyor 11. It will be seen that the levers 35 and links 37 and38 constitute in combination a four-bar linkage acting to cause themovement of the pair of holder arms 32a toward and away from each otherwith the up-and-down motion of the cam follower roll 42. The holder arms32a are held separated from each other as the pivot pin 41 joining thelinks 37 and 38 moves downwardly past the line connecting the pivot pins39 and 40 with the descent of the cam follower roll 42.

Pivotally attached at 44 to respective holder arms 32a are a pair of eggbreaker knives 43a which are movable with the holder arms 32a toward andaway from each other, besides being pivotable about the axis 44. Whenthe holder arms 32a are held against each other, so are the breakerknives 43a, coacting to cut into a shell egg on the egg rest 31. Thereference numeral 43 denotes a breaker knife assembly comprising thepair of separable knives 43a. The breaker knife assembly has a bladeportion 43b movable up and down through the egg rest 31.

Each egg breaker assembly 11 further comprises an egg retainer 45carried by a retainer lever 46 having a pivot 47 mounted on the bracket33. The retainer lever 46 is also operated by unshown cam means,arranged along the breaker conveyor 10 of FIG. 1, for pivotal motionabout the pivot 47. Wound around the pivot 47, a torsion spring 48biases the retainer 45 downwardly toward the egg rest 31. A stop 49 onthe bracket 33 determines the lower limit of the retainer 45 where itcan firmly hold a shell egg against the rest 31.

After being washed, shell eggs E to be processed by the apparatus ofFIG. 1 are placed on the infeed conveyor 13 and thereby transported tothe loading end of the transfer conveyor 12. As each transverse row ofshell eggs reach the unloading end of the infeed conveyor 13, one of theloading arms 29 of the loader 26 holds the eggs from below with therotation of the shaft 27 in the arrow marked direction, as illustratedin FIG. 6. Then the loading arm 29 guides the row of shell eggsdownwardly along the chute 30 and onto the respective pairs of concaverolls 18 and 21 of the transfer conveyor 12.

In this loading position of the transfer conveyor 12, the cam rail 25holds the concave rolls 21 lower than the other concave rolls 18, asbest seen in FIG. 6. Each pair of rolls 18 and 21 are thus directedtoward the infeed conveyor 13. Accordingly the shell eggs E can besmoothly transferred from the infeed conveyor to the transfer conveyorvia the chute 30 with the aid of the loader 26. It will of course beunderstood that each transverse row of shell eggs on the infeed conveyor13 are loaded at one time on the transfer conveyor.

Once loaded on the transfer conveyor 12, the shell eggs can seat stablyon the respective pairs of rolls 18 and 21 by virtue of their concaveshape. As has been stated, the drive rolls 18a of FIG. 3 frictionallyrotate the concave rolls 18 as the transfer conveyor 12 transports theloaded shell eggs through the loading region A. This rotation of theconcave rolls 18, combined with the vibrations of the transfer conveyorcaused by the endless chain 16 running over the sprocket wheels 14 and15, gradually causes the shell eggs to assume a recumbent attitude onthe respective pairs of rolls 18 and 21.

As the shell eggs travel along the loading region A as above, the camrail 25 gradually lifts the supports 20 carrying the concave rolls 21,causing these rolls to rise higher than the other concave rolls 18.Finally, when the concave rolls 21 reach the most elevated position H ofFIG. 5, the shell eggs E roll under their own weight from over the pairsof concave rolls 18 and 21 onto the rests 31 of the correspondingbreaker assemblies 11. The pairs of concave rolls 18 and 21 on thetransfer conveyor 12 and the egg breaker assemblies 11 on the breakerconveyor 10 travel side by side and at the same speed in the loadingregion A. Further the concave roll pairs and the egg breaker assembliesare at the same longitudinal spacings and in transverse alignment.Consequently the shell eggs E can be unfailingly transferred fromconcave roll pairs to breaker assemblies, there being no relative motiontherebetween.

It should be appreciated that the positions of the shell eggs on theconcave roll pairs of the transfer conveyor 12 have been readjusted bothby the mechanical vibrations of the conveyor and by the forced rotationof the concave rolls 18. All the shell eggs can thus be reloaded in thesame recumbent attitude on the breaker assemblies. This attitude of theshell eggs remains unchanged on the breaker assemblies because there isno difference in the traveling speed of the concave roll pairs and thebreaker assemblies as the eggs are transferred from the former to thelatter. The correct attitude of the shell eggs on the breaker assembliesmakes possible the proper breaking thereof in the manner to be set forthsubsequently. It will therefore be understood that the egg breaker ofthis invention is well equipped to process eggs efficiently no matterhow high the rate may be at which the eggs are fed into the machine.

It is understood that the egg retainers 45 of the breaker assemblies 11have been raised while the shell eggs are being loaded thereon in theloading region A. After the loading of the eggs on the breakerassemblies, the retainer levers 46 are cam operated by engagement of therear end of each lever 46 and a guide rail (not shown) to cause thedescent of the retainers 45 onto the loaded eggs. The lowered retainersimmovably hold the eggs against the rests 31.

Immediately after the shell eggs have been clamped as above on thebreaker assemblies 11, that is, after the breaker assemblies have turnedaround the sprocket wheel 6 into the recovery region B of FIG. 1, thebreaker knife assembly 43 of each breaker assembly is cam-operated byengagement of the rear ends of the knives 43a and a guide rail 204 (FIG.16) to cause its blade portion 43b to be pivoted upwardly, through thegap between the pair of holder arms 32a, to cut into the shell egg beingcaught on the rest 31 by the retainer 45. Then the cam follower 42 ofeach breaker assembly 11 is lowered by the unshown cam means until thepivot pin 41 joining the links 37 and 38 of the four-bar linkage comesbelow the line between the pivot pins 39 and 40. The result is themovement of the pair of holder arms 32a away from each other. Thus theshell egg is broken and torn apart. While the broken egg shell is stillcaught between holder arms 32a and retainer 45, its contents drop into arecovery cup assembly which is supported by the breaker conveyor 10 justunder each breaker assembly 11.

The details of the recovery cup assemblies are yet to be studied. Forthe moment, therefore, suffice it to say that each recovery cup assemblyhas provisions for separating the white and yolk of each egg as theydrop from the overlying breaker assembly.

The breaking of the successive shell eggs and the recovery of the whiteand yolk therefrom take place as aforesaid in the recovery region B ofthe breaker conveyor 10. The egg contents may not be wholly recoveredfrom the broken shells in the recovery region B, however. Inconsideration of this possibility, the invention suggests the provisionof means for pneumatically removing the residual contents of thesuccessive broken eggs from within the shells while they are travelingthrough the residue removal region C around the idler wheel 8. Thepneumatically removed residues are also to drop into the recovery cupassemblies. The pneumatic residue removal means will be shown anddescribed subsequently in further detail.

In the succeeding inspection region D between the idler wheels 8 and 9of the breaker conveyor 10, a human inspector visually inspects therecovered egg white and yolk in the recovery cup assemblies. If he findsthat the recovered egg white and yolk are in an undesirable state, forexample, where a piece of broken shell is mixed therein, he can tilt thecup assembly to discharge them before a recovery position for the whiteand yolk which is located between the regions D and F. Finally, in thedischarge region F around the idler wheel 7, the broken shells as wellas unbroken shell eggs, if any, are removed from the breaker assemblies11 and discharged from the machine by any known or suitable means. Thusunloaded, the breaker assemblies subsequently reenter the loading regionA. The foregoing cycle of operation is repeated thereafter.

FIGS. 8 to 10 show a slight modification of the pairs of concave rollson the transfer conveyor 12 best shown in FIG. 2. The modificationresides in a concave roll 21' of each pair, which is transversely splitinto two segments 21'A and 21'B of different axial lengths, whereas theother concave roll of each roll pair remains unaltered and so isdesignated by the same reference numeral 18 as in FIGS. 2 to 6.

Also as in FIGS. 2 to 6 each concave roll 18 is rotatably mounted on thepin 19 supported by the clevis 17 on the endless chain 16 of thetransfer conveyor 12. The split concave roll 21' associated with eachconcave roll is rotatably mounted on the pin 22 extending between theparallel limbs 20a of the U-shaped support 20 pivoted on the pin 19.Projecting from the free end of the pivotal support 20, the cam followerpin 23 rests on the cam rail 25 to cause the up-and-down motion of thesplit concave roll 21', as has been explained in the foregoing.

As will be noted upon inspection of FIGS. 8 and 9, however, the distancebetween the parallel limbs 20a of the U-shaped support 20 in relation tothe axial dimension of the concave rolls 18 and 21' is made longer thanin the preceding embodiment. The pair of concave rolls 18 and 21' areboth slidable axially on the pins 19 and 22 within the limits determinedby the parallel limbs of the U-shaped support.

Basically the concave roll 21' may be split along a transverse planeanywhere between its ends. Preferably, however, the segment 21'Adisposed forwardly with respect to the arrow marked traveling directionof the transfer conveyor should have an axial length approximately onethird the total length of the concave roll.

Before the loading of a shell egg, each pair of concave rolls 18 and 21'is held by inertia against the rear one of the parallel limbs 20a of theU-shaped support 20 with respect to the traveling direction of thetransfer conveyor 12. The pair of concave rolls receive a shell egg fromthe infeed conveyor 13 in these positions relative to the U-shapedsupport, with the roll 21' held lower than the other 18 by the cam rail25, as indicated by the solid lines in FIG. 10. While being loaded, theshell egg first rides on the split roll 21' lying closer to the infeedconveyor 13. If the egg is of above-average size, it will push thesegment 21'A of the concave roll 21' away from the other segment 21'Btoward the phantom position of FIG. 8. Thus the split roll 21' willaccommodate itself to the size of the egg being loaded.

As the U-shaped support 20 subsequently gains a horizontal position tohold the two concave rolls 18 and 21' thereon on the same level, theloaded egg will exert a part of its weight on the other, unsplit roll 18thereby causing the same to slide along the pin 19 to a position suitingthe particular size of the egg. Then the egg will rest stably on thepair of concave rolls 18 and 21'.

Upon unloading of the egg, each pair of concave rolls 18 and 21' returnsto the solid line positions of FIG. 8 by inertia. In these positions therolls are ready to receive the next egg in the loading region of thebreaker conveyor.

It will be understood that not one but both of each pair of concaverolls could be each transversely split into two segments. Also, insteadof resorting to inertia for holding the rolls in the solid linepositions of FIG. 8 when they are not loaded, comparatively lightsprings could be employed for the same purpose.

Thus, according to the teachings of FIGS. 8 to 10, each pair of concaverolls of the transfer conveyor readily adapts itself to shell eggs ofvarying sizes. Consequently, regardless of their sizes or positions onthe infeed conveyor, shell eggs can be stably loaded on the concave rollpairs, transported thereby, and unloaded therefrom onto the breakerassemblies. The waste of shell eggs through their falling and breakingduring the loading on and unloading from the concave roll pairs is thusdrastically reduced.

FIGS. 11 to 15 are detailed representations of the aforesaid means forpneumatically removing or recovering the residual liquid from within thebroken egg shells on the breaker assemblies 11 in the residue removalregion C of the breaker conveyor 10. The residue removal means comprisean air nozzle assembly 52, FIGS. 11 and 12, provided for each eggbreaker assembly 11, and an air supply mechanism 110, FIGS. 12 to 14, onthe idler wheel 8 of the breaker conveyor 10 for the delivery ofpressurized air to the successive air nozzle assemblies 52 as theytravel with the broken egg shells through the residue removal region Caround the idler wheel 8.

FIG. 11 also shows a recovery cup assembly 50 under each egg breakerassembly 11. Operatively mounted on the pair of vertically spacedendless chains 10a of the breaker conveyor 10, each associated group ofegg breaker assembly 11, air nozzle assembly 52 and recovery cupassembly 50 travels together through the successive processing regionsA, B, C, D and F of FIG. 1.

With reference to FIG. 11 in particular, a support 51 is attached to theoutside of the pair of endless chains 10a of the breaker conveyor forcarrying each group of egg breaker assembly 11, recovery cup assembly 50and air nozzle assembly 52. A mount 53 overlies each support 51 forpivotal motion about an axis at 51a. As will be seen also from FIG. 12,this axis extends approximately tangent to the idler wheel 8 when thepair of breaker conveyor chains are traveling in engagement with thepair of concentric discs 94 of the idler wheel driven by a driving means205 (FIG. 12). The pivotal mount 53 supports one air nozzle assembly 52and one egg breaker assembly 11 thereon.

The representative air nozzle assembly 52 of FIG. 11 includes a guiderod 54 immovably supported on the pivotal mount 53 so as to extendradially of the idler wheel 8 when the breaker conveyor chains 10a aretraveling around the same. Extending parallel to the guide rod 54 is anelongate air nozzle 56 supported at its front or right hand end by anupstanding portion 53a of the pivotal mount 53 for longitudinal slidingmotion therethrough. The rear end of the air nozzle 56, on the otherhand, is slidably received in a sleeve 55a rigidly connected to a slide55 slidably fitted over the guide rod 54. A pin 56a on the air nozzle 56prevents the detachment of the sleeve 55a from over the air nozzle 56.Sleeved upon the air nozzle 56, a compression spring 61 acts between thesleeve 55a and a collar 63 fixedly mounted on the air nozzle, normallyholding the sleeve on the rear end of the air nozzle.

Another compression spring 64 around the guide rod 54 extends betweenmount portion 53a and slide 55, holding the latter in abutment against acam rail 62 on a stationary part, not shown, of the egg breaker. The camrail 62 is contoured to cause the movement of the slide 55 back andforth along the guide rod 54.

Normally, or when the air nozzle assembly 52 is not in the residueremoval region C of FIG. 1, the cam rail 62 holds the slide 55 in theposition of FIG. 11 under the bias of the compression spring 64. Thesleeve 55a connected to the slide 55 holds the air nozzle 56 in aretracted position as shown in FIG. 11. When the air nozzle assembly 52comes to the residue removal region, the cam rail 62 causes the slide 55to travel forwardly along the guide rod 54 against the bias of thecompression spring 64. Moving with the slide 55, the sleeve 55a acts onthe air nozzle 56 via the compression spring 61 thereby thrusting theair nozzle forwardly of the mount 53 to an extended working position.

As shown in both FIGS. 11 and 12, the egg breaker assembly 11 is mountedover the air nozzle assembly 52, with its egg rest disposed forwardly ofthe air nozzle assembly. The air nozzle 56 on extension has its frontend positioned between the broken egg shells Eb, FIG. 15, being carriedby the egg breaker assembly 11. It will also be noted from FIG. 15 thatthe air nozzle 56 has a pair of air outlet ports 57 on opposite sides ofits front end portion. These outlet ports are oriented slightly upwardlyfor directing air under pressure into the deepest parts of the brokenegg shells Eb.

With reference again to FIG. 11, the air nozzle 56 has an air passageway58 formed axially therein for communicating the pair of air outlets 57with a flexible conduit 60 leading to an air passageway 59a in the guiderod 54. The air passageway 59a communicates with an outlet port 59b in acoupling 59 rigidly mounted on the rear end of the pivotal mount 53. Thecoupling 59 has a downwardly open, countersunk inlet port 65 for placingthe air nozzle 56 in and out of communication with the air supplymechanism 110, FIGS. 12 to 14, in a manner yet to be described. A valveactuator rod 99, embedded in the coupling 59, projects out of the inletport 65.

A cam follower 92 projects rearwardly from the coupling 59 and ismovably caught between a pair of cam rails 93. These cam means coact tocause the pivotal motion of the mount 53, together with the egg breakerassembly 11 and air nozzle assembly 52 thereon, about the horizontalaxis at 51a. This pivotal motion of the mount 53 is necessary for thedesired mechanical connection and disconnection of the coupling 59 toand from the air supply mechanism 110.

Reference is now directed to FIGS. 12 to 14 in order to describe the airsupply mechanism 110 in detail. The air supply mechanism includes theidler wheel 8 having the pair of discs 94 rigidly mounted on theupstanding rotary shaft 4 for engagement with the respective endlesschains 10a of the breaker conveyor. The idler wheel shaft 4 has an airpassageway 75 formed axially therethrough for communication with asource of air under pressure.

Airtightly mounted on the idler wheel 8 is a disclike air distributor 95which is concentric with the idler wheel and which has a diameter lessthan that of the idler wheel. The air distributor 95 has a plenumchamber 96 formed centrally therein in constant communication with theair passageway 75 in the idler wheel shaft 4. A plurality of branchpassageways 97 extend radially outwardly from the plenum chamber 96 andterminate just short of the periphery of the air distributor 95. At theouter ends of the branch passageways 97 there are valve chambers 98,FIG. 14, housing valve members 111 and openrng upwardly. Air-tightlyengaged in the upward openings of the valve chambers are hollow malecouplings 66 of annular arrangement for selective mating engagement withthe coupling 59 of each air nozzle assembly 52. The coupling 59 of eachair nozzle assembly will hereinafter be referred to as the femalecoupling in contradistinction to the male couplings 66 of the air supplymechanism 110. Each male coupling 66 has a frustoconical portion 66aprojecting upwardly of the air distributor 95 to fit in the countersunkinlet port 65 of the female coupling 59.

Movable up and down in each valve chamber 98, the valve member 111 isbiased upwardly by a spring 300 to normally butt on the bottom of themale coupling 66 and hence to close the air outlet therein. Uponengagement of the female coupling 59 of each air nozzle assembly 52 withany one male coupling 66 of the air supply mechanism 110 as in FIGS. 12and 14, the valve actuator rod 99 depresses the valve member 111 againstthe force of the spring 300 thereby causing the flow of pressurized airfrom air supply mechanism to air nozzle assembly.

A pressure meter 101, FIGS. 12 to 14, is mounted on the air distributor95 in air communication with the plenum chamber 96. The pressure metervisually indicates the pressure of the air being delivered from airsupply mechanism 110 to successive air nozzle assemblies 52.

Each recovery cup assembly 50 is shown in FIG. 11 as comprising a yolkcup 81 and an albumen cup 82 for separately recovering the yolk andwhite of an egg as it is broken by the overlying breaker assembly 11.The yolk cup 81 receives both yolk and white from the broken egg andcauses only the white to flow out of a recess 86 down into theunderlying albumen cup 82. Some preferred forms of the yolk cup inaccordance with the invention will be disclosed later.

Both yolk cup 81 and albumen cup 82 are mounted on the support 51 vialinks 84 and 85 for joint pivotal motion about a horizontal axis. Thealbumen cup 82 has a cam follower 82a projecting forwardly therefrom torest on a cam rail 87 extending along the path of the breaker conveyor10. The cam rail 87 causes the recovery cup assembly 50 to tiltforwardly for the discharge of the recovered yolk and white ontorespective chutes or receptacles in the region between the wheels 9 and7 (FIG. 1). After this discharge, the recovery cup assembly 50 is washedfor the next process by a proper means (not shown).

The following is the description of operation of the air nozzleassemblies 52 and air supply mechanism 110 constructed as in FIGS. 11 to14. As each air nozzle assembly 52 approaches or enters the residueremoval region C, FIG. 1, around the idler wheel 8, the cam rail 62causes the slide 55 to travel forwardly along the guide rod 54 againstthe bias of the compression spring 64. The sleeve 55a travels forwardlywith the slide 55 and so acts on the compression spring 61 to cause theforward movement of the air nozzle 56 therethrough. The forward travelof the air nozzle 56 terminates when its front end becomes positionedbetween the two fractured pieces of the eggshell Eb being carried by thebreaker assembly 11 associated with the air nozzle assembly 52.

Possibly the shell egg on the breaker assembly may have not been brokenin the recovery region B for some reason or other. Then the air nozzle56 on movement toward its working position will hit the shell egg butwill not thrust into it because then the compression spring 61 willyield to prevent the continued forward travel of the air nozzle despitethe full forward movement of the slide 55 with the sleeve 55a.

Immediately after the travel of the air nozzle 56 to its workingposition, or when the air nozzle assembly 52 enters the residue removalregion C, the pair of cam rails 93 at its rear end causes the pivotalmount 53 to pivot counterclockwise, as viewed in FIGS. 11, 12 and 14,until the female coupling 59 of the air nozzle assembly becomes engagedwith one of the male couplings 66 of the air supply mechanism 110 on theidler wheel 8. As the frustoconical portion 66a of the male couplingairtightly fits in the countersunk inlet port 65 of the female coupling59, the valve actuator rod 99 projecting downwardly from the latterdepresses the valve member 111 against the bias of the spring 300.Thereupon air under pressure flows from passageway 75 in the idler wheelshaft 4 to air nozzle 56 via plenum chamber 96, one of the branchpassageways 97, one of the valve chambers 98, one of the male couplings66, female coupling 59, passageway 59a in the guide rod 54, and flexibleconduit 60.

The air nozzle 56 expels the pressurized air out of the two ports 57formed in approximately diametrically opposite positions in its frontend. As has been stated, these outlet ports are directed slightlyupwardly, so that the air streams issuing therefrom are applied to thedeepest parts of the broken eggshell pieces Eb on the breaker assembly11, as illustrated in FIG. 15.

Ideally, all the contents of the eggs are recovered from the brokenshells in the recovery region B. However, depending upon the way eachshell egg is cut and fractured, a part of the white or a fraction of theyolk that has been severed by the breaker knife assembly may remain inthe broken eggshell. All such residual liquid is blown out of theeggshell fragments by the forced streams of air from the air nozzle 56,falling into the yolk cup 81. The white will overflow from the yolk cup81 through its recess 86 and fall further down into the albumen cup 82.

The same residue recovery operation is performed for the successivecombinations of egg breaker assemblies 11, recovery cup assemblies 50,and air nozzle assemblies 52 as they travel with the breaker conveyor 10through the residue removal region C around the idler wheel 8.

About the moment when each group of egg breaker assembly, recovery cupassembly and air nozzle assembly leaves the residue removal region C,the pair of cam rails 93 lifts the pivotal mount 53 about its axis 51a,thereby causing disengagement of the female coupling 59 from one of themale couplings 66 on the idler wheel 8. The group of three assemblies inquestion can now travel away from the idler wheel 8. Upon disengagementfrom the female coupling 59, the male coupling 66 has its air outletreclosed by the valve member 111 under the bias of the spring 300. Thecam rail 62 causes the slide 55 to travel rearwardly along the guide rod54 under the effect of the compression spring 64 and thus allows the airnozzle 56 to return to the illustrated retracted position.

It will be appreciated that the residue removal means set forth in theforegoing are well calculated to make possible the complete recovery ofthe liquid from each broken egg, with provisions for preventing the airnozzle from thrusting into an unbroken shell egg and so wasting it.Particular attention is called to the fact that the air supply mechanism110 is built into the idler wheel 8 and cooperates with the air nozzleassemblies 52 traveling with the respective egg breaker assemblies 11 onthe breaker conveyor 10. Thus the residue removal means require noparticular installation space but can efficiently remove the residualliquid from within the broken eggshells on the running breaker conveyor.As an additional advantage, the air nozzle assemblies can be exactlypositioned in relation to the air supply mechanism as the former aremounted on the breaker conveyor chains running in engagement with theidler wheel incorporating the air supply mechanism.

As has been stated in connection with FIG. 1, the broken eggshells aswell as unbroken shell eggs are unloaded from the breaker assemblies 11in the discharge region F around the idler wheel 7. The nozzleassemblies 52 may be used, without the aid of the air supply mechanism110, for the unloading of the broken eggshells and unbroken shell eggsfrom the breaker assemblies in the discharge region.

FIG. 16 shows a modified air nozzle assembly 52', for combined use witha correspondingly modified air supply mechanism 110' of FIG. 17. As inthe preceding embodiment, the air nozzle assembly 52' is provided,together with the associated one of the egg breaker assemblies 11, on amount 53 pivoted at 51a on a support 51 carried by the pair of endlesschains 10a of the breaker conveyor. The recovery cup assembly 50 is alsocarried by the support 51 under the egg breaker assembly 11.

The modified air nozzle assembly 52' is analogous in construction to theair nozzle assembly 52 of FIGS. 11 and 12 except for the arrangement ofits constituent parts. Included is a guide rod 54 fixedly mounted on thepivotal mount 53 so as to extend normally to the pair of breakerconveyor chains 10a, or radially of the idler wheel 8 when the breakerconveyor chains are traveling around the same. A slide 55 is slidablymounted on the guide rod 54 and is normally held in the illustratedposition on the rear end of the guide rod by a compression spring 64.

Arranged parallel to the guide rod 54 and disposed thereunder, anelongate air nozzle 56 is slidably supported at its opposite ends by thepivotal mount 53 and by a member 55a substantially integral with theslide 55 on the guide rod 54. A compression spring 61 around the airnozzle 56 extends between the member 55a and a collar 63 on the airnozzle to transmit the motion of the slide 55 to the air nozzletherethrough. A rear end enlargement 56a of the air nozzle 56 preventsits detachment from the member 55a.

In sliding engagement with the member 55a integral with the slide 55 isa cam rail 62 for causing the travel of the slide back and forth alongthe guide rod 54. Upon forward or rightward travel of the slide 55against the force of the compression spring 64, the member 55a acts onthe other compression spring 61 thereby causing the air nozzle 56 totravel in the same direction toward the egg breaker assembly 11. The camrail 62 normally holds the air nozzle 56 in the illustrated position.

The air nozzle 56 has a pair of air outlet ports 57 formed inapproximately diametrically opposite positions in the adjacency of itsfront end, as in FIG. 15. Also as in the preceding embodiment, these airoutlet ports are oriented slightly upwardly for directing the streams ofpressurized air into the deepest parts of the broken eggshells Eb on thebreaker assembly 11.

The pair of air outlet ports 57 of the air nozzle 56 communicate via apassageway 58 therein with a flexible conduit 60 leading to a femalecoupling 59 rigidly mounted atop the pivotal mount 53. The femalecoupling 59 has an upwardly open, countersunk inlet port 65 for placingthe air nozzle 56 in and out of communication with the air supplymechanism 110' of FIG. 17.

Although the air nozzle assembly 52' is pivotable with the mount 53about the axis 51a as in the FIGS. 11 to 14 embodiment, the pivoting ofthe air nozzle assembly 52' is intended to make possible the optimumpositioning of the front end of the air nozzle 56 between the brokeneggshell pieces on the breaker assembly 11. The necessary motion for theconnection and disconnection of the air nozzle assembly to and from theair supply mechanism 110' is performed on the side of the air supplymechanism, as will be understood from the following description of FIG.17.

The air supply mechanism 110' comprises a plurality of pivotal arms 69on respective brackets 68 extending radially from the upstanding shaft 4of the idler wheel 8. The single pivotal arm 69 seen in FIG. 17 istypical of all such arms bracketed to the idler wheel shaft 4. Therepresentative arm 69 is medially pivoted at 70 on one bracket 68, forpivotal motion about the horizontal axis 70, and generally extendsradially of the idler wheel shaft 4.

Projecting from the outer end of the pivotal arm 69 is a conduit 80which is bent downwardly to terminate in a male coupling 66 fordelivering pressurized air to the air nozzle assembly 52'. The malecoupling 66 is movable into and out of airtight engagement with thefemale coupling 59 of the air nozzle assembly 52' with the pivotalmotion of the arm 69 about the axis 70. Preferably the conduit 80 hassome resiliency so that the male coupling 66 may fit closely in thecountersunk inlet port 65 of the female coupling 59 with a minimum ofshock.

It will now be seen that the illustrated and other pivotal arms 69together with the male couplings 66 are arranged at constant angularspacings about the idler wheel shaft 4. The angular spacingstherebetween correspond to the angular spacings between the air nozzleassemblies 52' on the breaker conveyor chains 10a traveling around theidler wheel 8. Thus the male couplings 66 of the air supply mechanism110' can be moved into and out of engagement with the female couplings59 of the successive air nozzle assemblies 52' with the pivotal motionof the arms 69 in a controlled sequence.

Adapted for such controlled pivotal motion of the arms 69 is a cam rail71 immovably supported around the idler wheel shaft 4 for engagementwith a cam follower 72 rotatably mounted on the inner end of each arm69. When pivoted from the solid-line to phantom position in FIG. 17,each arm 69 has its male coupling 66 engaged in the female coupling 59of one of the air nozzle assemblies 52'.

The conduit 80 carrying each male coupling 66 communicates by way of aconduit 79 with the outlet port 73b of an on-off valve 73 fixedlymounted on each bracket 68. The inlet port 73a of this on-off valvecommunicates by way of a conduit 76 with the air passageway 75 formedaxially in the idler wheel shaft 4. The passageway 75 communicates witha source 78 of air under pressure via a rotary valve 77 at the bottomend of the idler wheel shaft 4 rotatably supported by a bearing 203.

Normally held closed, the on-off valve 73 must be opened when the malecoupling 66 is in engagement with the female coupling 59 of the airnozzle assembly 52' in the residue removal region C. To this end theon-off valve 73 has a valve actuator 74 extending downwardly therefrominto abutment against the pivotal arm 69. Thus the on-off valve 73 isopened upon pivotal motion of the arm 69 to the phantom position by theeffect of the cam rail 71.

The recovery cup assembly 50, FIG. 16, for use with each modified airnozzle assembly 52' can be similar in construction to the recovery cupassembly of FIG. 11, comprising the recessed yolk cup 81 immediatelyunderlying the egg breaker assembly 11, and the larger albumen cup 82below the yolk cup. Means for mounting these cups on the pair of breakerconveyor chains 10a, however, differ from those of FIG. 11.

The cup-mounting means of FIG. 16 include three pivoted links 83, 84 and85 on the support 51 adapted to allow the tilting motion of the cups 81and 82 as dictated by the cam rail 87 on which rests the cam follower82a projecting from the free end of the albumen cup 82. Besides beingpivotable with the albumen cup 82, the yolk cup 81 is tiltable about apin 88 supporting the yolk cup on the link 85. The pin 88 extendshorizontally in a direction normal to the breaker conveyor chains 10a,so that the yolk cup can be tilted toward its side where the recess 86is formed. Parallel to the pin 88, another pin 89 is secured to the yolkcup 81 and engaged in an arcuate slot 90 in the link 85 in order tolimit the angle through which the yolk cup is pivoted about the pin 88.Normally the yolk cup 81 is held horizontally by a torsion spring 91.The pin 89 is cam-operated to tilt the yolk cup 81 against the force ofthe spring 91 when the white and yolk drops from the broken shell eggbeing carried by the overlying breaker assembly 11. Such tilting of theyolk cup 81 is of course intended to expedite the outflow of the whitethrough the recess 86.

In the operation of each air nozzle assembly 52' of FIG. 16 and the airsupply mechanism 110' of FIG. 17, the cam rail 62 causes the slide 55 ofthe air nozzle assembly to travel forwardly along the guide rod 54against the force of the compression spring 64. Traveling with the slide55, the member 55a acts on the air nozzle 56 via the compression spring61 thereby causing the air nozzle to move to its working position whereits front end lies between the severed fragments of the eggshell Eb onthe breaker assembly 11 as in FIG. 15. If the shell egg has not beenbroken in the recovery region B, the compression spring 61 will yieldwhen the air nozzle 56 hits the shell egg, as in the air nozzle assemblyof FIGS. 11 and 12.

Also, when the air nozzle assembly 52' in question enters the residueremoval region C, the cam rail 71 of the air supply mechanism 110' onthe idler wheel 8 causes one of the arms 69 to pivot to the phantomposition of FIG. 17. Thereupon the male coupling 66 carried by thispivoted arm 69 airtightly fits in the countersunk inlet port 65 of thefemale coupling 59 of the air nozzle assembly 52'.

The pivotal motion of the arm 69 also results in the activation of thevalve actuator 74 of the on-off valve 73. With the on-off valve thusopened, the pressurized air flows from its source 78 to the malecoupling 66 by way of the rotary valve 77, passageway 75 in the idlerwheel shaft 4, conduit 76, on-off valve 73, and conduits 79 and 80. Thepressurized air flows from the male coupling 66 into the female coupling59 and thence into the air nozzle 56 of the air nozzle assembly 52' byway of the flexible conduit 60.

The manner in which the pressurized air is expelled from the air nozzle56 into the broken eggshell on the breaker assembly 11 for the removalof the residual liquid therefrom is as set forth above in connectionwith FIGS. 11 to 15. The advantages gained by this modified air nozzleassemblies 52' and air supply mechanism 110' will also be apparent fromthe foregoing.

FIGS. 18 to 22 illustrate prefefred forms of the yolk cup 81 seen inFIGS. 11 and 16. With particular reference to FIGS. 18 and 19, theexemplified yolk cup 81 has an upper portion 81c rather gently taperingdownwardly, and a lower portion 81b tapering at a greater angle to aflat bottom 81d sized to allow the yolk Ea to rest neatly thereon.

The noted recess 86 extends downwardly from the top edge 81a of the yolkcup to a level slightly below the top of the egg yolk Ea to be receivedtherein. This recess is defined by three pairs of opposed linear edges86c, 86d and 86e as indicated in FIG. 19. The uppermost pair of edges86c upwardly diverge apart at an angle of, for example, 90 degrees. Theintermediate pair of edges 86d also upwardly diverge apart, but at asmaller angle. The lowermost pair of edges 86e are parallel to eachother. In short the edges bounding the recess 86 diverge apart atprogressively greater angles as they extend upwardly, thereby providingtwo pairs of angles 86a and 86b. This shape of the recess 86 is intendedto facilitate the separation of the egg white in the initial stage ofits outflow, as will be later explained in further detail.

Extending circumferentially from the lower end of the recess 86 is aslot 100 having a length approximately one sixth the cup circumferencefor the best results. As shown in an enlarged vertical section in FIG.22, the slot 100 lies in the tapering lower portion 81b of the yolk cup,with its lower edge 100a disposed slightly below the top of the yolk Eaon the bottom of the cup.

In the yolk cup 81 shown in FIGS. 18, 19 and 21, the slot 100 extends inthe direction in which the cup is tilted for the discharge of the yolktherefrom. Alternatively, as depicted in FIG. 20A, the slot 100 mayextend in opposite circumferential directions from the lower end of therecess 86 to the same extent. Further the slot 100 need not be ofconstant width as in the two examples disclosed above. Thus, in theadditional example given in FIG. 20B, the slot 100 extending in onecircumferential direction from the lower end of the recess 86 has anupper edge 100b sloping downwardly as it extends away from the recess86. FIG. 20C illustrates a further example wherein the slot 100extending in opposite circumferential directions from the lower end ofthe recess 86 has upper edges 100b sloping downwardly as they extendaway from the recess.

As a shell egg is broken and severed by each breaker assembly in theabove described manner, its contents fall into the underlying yolk cup81. Having a greater specific gravity than the white, the yolk seatsdirectly on the flat bottom 81d of the yolk cup 81, with the whiteoverlying it.

The white of an egg consists of an outer body of fluid albumen and aninner mass of dense albumen. The fluid albumen encloses the densealbumen, which in turn surrounds the yolk. The fluid albumen first flowsout of the divergent recess 86 in the yolk cup 81, followed by theescape of the dense albumen through the horizontal slot 100. In thusescaping out of the slot 100, the dense albumen will first hang from thecup, throughout the slot, but then will be cut off by its elongate loweredge 100a.

As has been mentioned in conjunction with FIG. 16, the yolk cup 81 canbe tilted or oscillated about its supporting pin 88 by the cam-operatedpin 89 between the horizontal position and a tilted position where itsrecessed side is lowered. The repeated tilting of the yolk cup isespecially effective for fresh eggs whose white and yolk stick firmlytogether. The fluid albumen of a fresh egg will protrude from thedivergent recess 86 upon initial tilting of the yolk cup 81. During thesubsequent return of the yolk cup to the horizontal position, thedivergent recess 86 with its angles 86a and 86b will hamper the inflowof the fluid albumen back into the cup. The dense albumen, on the otherhand, will hang out of the horizontally elongated slot 100 in the formof a flat, thin body upon tilting of the yolk cup. Thus, by the repeatedtilting of the yolk cup, the white will separate from the yolk and dropinto the albumen cup 82 of FIG. 11 or 16.

Upon completion of the repeated tilting of the yolk cup 81 by theunshown cam with the lapse of a preassigned length of time, the yolk cupwill return to the horizontal position by the effect of the torsionspring 91. Then, in the predetermined region between the regions D and Falong the breaker conveyor 10, FIG. 1, the yolk cup 81 is tiltedforwardly, or toward the right as viewed in FIGS. 18 to 21, therebycausing the recovered yolk to flow out over its brim 81a.

The foregoing will have made clear that the various examples of the yolkcup in accordance with the invention are well calculated to realize theready and positive separation of the white and yolk regardless ofwhether the eggs being processed are fresh or not. Thus, despite thehigh speed processing of eggs for which the invention is intended, therecovered yolk will be nearly completely free from the white.

It should also be noted that the recess 86 with the slot 100 is situatedon the trailing side of each yolk cup with respect to its travelingdirection on the breaker conveyor. Thus positioned, the recess presentsno possibility of breaking the membrane enveloping the yolk during itsdischarge from the tilted yolk cup. The breaking of the vitellinmembrane is objectionable since the yolk will then become loose andspread over the cup and other parts, necessitating their cleaning.

The fact that the slot 100 in each yolk cup extends from the lower endof the recess 86 in a direction away from the breaker conveyor chains isalso an important factor for the efficient separation of the white andyolk. As the breaker conveyor turns around one of the idler wheels, thedense albumen protruding from the slot 100 will be centrifugally thrownaway from the cup and so will separate from the yolk.

Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 2, the drive roll 18a is made of rubberand is rotated by a belt 300a. It extends through a predeterminedlength. The drive roll 18a does not extend to in a position P1 whereeach shell egg is transferred from the infeed conveyor 13 to thetransfer conveyor 11. However, the right end of the roll 18a extends toa position P2 where the shell egg all transferred from the transferconveyor 11 to the breaker assembly as shown in FIG. 5. Each eggshell isrotated around its axis in a direction where it is easily moved towardthe breaker assembly (counterclockwise direction as viewed in FIG. 5),whereby the shell egg is smoothly transferred from the transfer conveyor12 to the breaker assembly 11 when the concave rolls 21 reach the mostelevated position H. The drive roll 18a tapers at its left end 18b, asviewed in FIG. 2, so that each concave roll 18 can come into smoothcontact with the drive roll 18a.

While the present invention has been shown and described in terms of butone embodiment and modifications thereof, it is recognized thatdepartures may be made therefrom within the scope of the invention,which is not to be limited to the details disclosed herein but is to beaccorded the full scope of the claims so as to embrace any and allequivalent processes and devices.

What is claimed is:
 1. A high-speed egg-breaking method comprises thesteps of:(a) transporting a multiplicity of shell eggs in successivetransverse rows on an infeed conveyor; (b) transferring each transverserow of shell eggs at one time from the infeed conveyor onto a transferconveyor, the transfer conveyor extending at a right angle with theinfeed conveyor, whereby the successive transverse rows of shell eggs onthe infeed conveyor are rearranged into a single longitudinal row on thetransfer conveyor; (c) transferring the single longitudinal row of shelleggs from the transfer conveyor onto respective egg breaker assembliesbeing carried by a breaker conveyor along the transfer conveyor, thebreaker conveyor being arranged to travel endlessly along apredetermined path including a linear portion extending along thetransfer conveyor, the transfer conveyor being linearly arranged alongthe forward end of the infeed conveyor and the linear portion of thebreaker conveyor, the shell eggs being transferred from the transferconveyor onto the egg breaker assemblies while the transfer conveyor andthe linear portion of the breaker conveyor are traveling side by side,in the same direction, and at the same speed; (d) breaking the shelleggs by the egg breaker assemblies for the recovery of the white andyoke therefrom, the white and yoke of the shell eggs being recoveredseparately in the vertical direction below the breaker assemblies; and(e) removing the broken egg shells from the egg breaker assemblies. 2.The high-speed egg-breaking method according to claim 1, furthercomprising the step of pneumatically recovering the residual liquid fromwithin the broken eggshells on the egg breaker assemblies.
 3. Thehigh-speed egg-breaking method according to claim 2, wherein each brokeneggshell is carried in two separate pieces by one of the egg breakerassemblies, and wherein the residual liquid is recovered bysimultaneously applying streams of air under pressure to the deepestparts of the separate pieces of each eggshell.
 4. A high-speedegg-breaking method which comprises the steps of:(a) disposing an infeedconveyor for transporting a multiplicity of shell eggs in transverserows in a direction; (b) linearly arranging a transfer conveyor forreceiving the shell eggs from the infeed conveyor along the forward endof the infeed conveyor at a right angle to the infeed conveyor so thatthe successive transverse rows of shell eggs on the infeed conveyor arearranged into a longitudinal row on the transfer conveyor; (c) disposinga breaker conveyor travelling endlessly along a predetermined path insuch a manner that a portion of the breaker conveyor extends linearlyalong the linear transfer conveyor; (d) moving the transfer conveyor andthe linear portion of the breaker conveyor in the same direction and atthe same speed; (e) transporting a multiplicity of shell eggs insuccessive transverse rows on the infeed conveyor; (f) transferring eachtransverse row of shell eggs at one time from the infeed conveyor ontothe transfer conveyor, thereby forming a single longitudinal row ofshell eggs on the transfer conveyor; (g) transferring the singlelongitudinal row of shell eggs from the transfer conveyor ontorespective egg breaking assemblies being carried by the breakerconveyor.along the transfer conveyor; (h) breaking the shell eggs in theegg breaker assemblies for the recovery of the white and yoke therefrom;and (i) removing the broken egg shells from the egg breaker assemblies.5. The high-speed egg-breaking method according to claim 4 wherein thebreaker conveyor is formed so as to have at least four corners definedby a plurality of rotary wheels located respectively in the four cornersin order to separate the endless path of the breaker conveyor into:(a) aloading region extending along the transverse conveyor in which shelleggs are loaded on the individual breaker assemblies from the infeedconveyor via the transfer conveyor; (b) a recovery region locatedadjacent to the loading region in which the shell eggs are broken andtheir yoke and white are recovered; (c) a residue removal region locateddownstream of the recovery region in which the residual liquid in thebroken eggs is removed therefrom and recovered; (d) an inspection regionlocated downstream of the residue removal region in which the recoveredegg contents are examined; and (e) a discharge region located betweenthe loading region and the inspection region in which the broken eggshells as well as unbroken shell eggs, if any, are discharged from thebreaker assemblies.
 6. The high-speed egg-breaking method according toclaim 5 and further comprising the step of pneumatically recovering theresidual liquid from within the broken egg shells on the egg breakerassemblies in the residue removal region.
 7. The high-speed egg-breakingmethod according to claim 6 and further comprising the steps of:(a)forming the residue removal region along one of the rotary wheels; (b)incorporating an air supply mechanism for supplying air under pressurein the rotary wheel; (c) mounting a plurality of air nozzles on thebreaker conveyor in the vicinities of the respective egg breakerassemblies thereon; and (d) supplying the pressure air into the deepestparts of the separate pieces of each egg shell broken by each eggbreaker assembly through each air nozzle connected to the air supplymechanism when each nozzle passes around the rotary wheel.
 8. Thehigh-speed egg-breaking method according to claim 4 and furthercomprising the steps of:(a) arranging a plurality of pairs of parallelconcave rolls rotatably on the transfer conveyor at longitudinal spacingequal to the spacings between the egg breaker assemblies so that eachpair of concave rolls is arranged with their axes orientedlongitudinally of the transfer conveyor and so that each pair of concaverolls receives one shell egg from the infeed conveyor and transfers saidone shell egg onto one of the egg breaker assemblies and (b) moving oneconcave roll of each pair upward and downward relative to the otherconcave roll of each pair at a position along the transfer conveyor inorder to transfer each shell egg from the transfer conveyor onto eachegg breaker assembly on the breaker conveyor.
 9. The high-speedegg-breaking method according to claim 8 and further comprising the stepof imparting rotation to one of each pair of concave rolls in adirection so that the shell egg on each pair of the concave rolls ismoved while rotating toward each breaker assembly.